Frost Formation in Evaporator Fins with Embedded Negative Stiffness Structures

Frosting in the evaporator leads to an increase in thermal resistance and reduced airflow, resulting in decreased performance. Traditional thermal defrosting strategies lead to significant energy penalties. Novel shape morphing evaporator fins embedded with multistable structures offer the opportunity for faster defrosting and large energy savings while keeping the capital cost low. This type of morphing fins enables a mechanical defrosting approach that is more effective for higher densities and thicknesses of frost. However, there is a need to better understand frost formation in these structures. In this study, we use a modeling and experimental approach to understand frosting on shape morphing fins. An experimental setup was developed that is capable of frost formation at different conditions and testing various defrosting strategies. Leveraging this, we formed frost at various conditions on both an angled shape morphing fin and a flat fin and performed comparisons between model predictions and measurements

Mathematical Model for Impact of Media on Cleanliness Drive in India

A mathematical model on cleanliness drive in India is analysed for active cleaners and passive cleaners. Cleanliness and endemic equilibrium points are found. Local and global stability of these equilibrium points are discussed using Routh-Hurwitz criteria and Lyapunov function respectively. Impact of media (as a control) is studied on passive cleaners to become active. Numerical simulation of the model is carried out which indicates that with the help of media transfer rate to active cleaners from passive cleaners is higher

On the evaluation of some three-body variational integrals

Stable recursive relations are presented for the numerical computation of the integrals $$\int d{\bf r}_1 d{\bf r}_2 r_1^{l-1} r_2^{m-1} r_{12}^{n-1} \exp{\{-\alpha r_1 -\beta r_2 -\gamma r_{12}\}}$$ ($l$, $m$ and $n$ integer, $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$ real) when the indices $l$, $m$ or $n$ are negative. Useful formulas are given for particular values of the parameters $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure (PS) and 3 tables. Old figures 2 and 3 replaced by Tables I and III. A further table added. Paper enlarged giving some tips on the convergence of quadrature

Menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives To assess the status of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) among adolescent girls in India to determine unmet needs. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, The Global Health Database, Google Scholar and references for studies published from 2000 to September 2015 on girls’ MHM. Setting India. Participants Adolescent girls. Outcome measures Information on menarche awareness, type of absorbent used, disposal, hygiene, restrictions and school absenteeism was extracted from eligible materials; a quality score was applied. Meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled prevalence (PP), and meta-regression to examine the effect of setting, region and time. Results Data from 138 studies involving 193 subpopulations and 97 070 girls were extracted. In 88 studies, half of the girls reported being informed prior to menarche (PP 48%, 95% CI 43% to 53%, I2 98.6%). Commercial pad use was more common among urban (PP 67%, 57% to 76%, I2 99.3%, n=38) than rural girls (PP 32%, 25% to 38%, I2 98.6%, n=56, p<0.0001), with use increasing over time (p<0.0001). Inappropriate disposal was common (PP 23%, 16% to 31%, I2 99.0%, n=34). Menstruating girls experienced many restrictions, especially for religious activities (PP 0.77, 0.71 to 0.83, I2 99.1%, n=67). A quarter (PP 24%, 19% to 30%, I2 98.5%, n=64) reported missing school during periods. A lower prevalence of absenteeism was associated with higher commercial pad use in univariate (p=0.023) but not in multivariate analysis when adjusted for region (p=0.232, n=53). Approximately a third of girls changed their absorbents in school facilities (PP 37%, 29% to 46%, I2 97.8%, n=17). Half of the girls’ homes had a toilet (PP 51%, 36% to 67%, I2 99.4%, n=21). The quality of studies imposed limitations on analyses and the interpretation of results (mean score 3 on a scale of 0–7). Conclusions Strengthening of MHM programmes in India is needed. Education on awareness, access to hygienic absorbents and disposal of MHM items need to be addressed

Pseudospectral Calculation of the Wavefunction of Helium and the Negative Hydrogen Ion

We study the numerical solution of the non-relativistic Schr\"{o}dinger equation for two-electron atoms in ground and excited S-states using pseudospectral (PS) methods of calculation. The calculation achieves convergence rates for the energy, Cauchy error in the wavefunction, and variance in local energy that are exponentially fast for all practical purposes. The method requires three separate subdomains to handle the wavefunction's cusp-like behavior near the two-particle coalescences. The use of three subdomains is essential to maintaining exponential convergence. A comparison of several different treatments of the cusps and the semi-infinite domain suggest that the simplest prescription is sufficient. For many purposes it proves unnecessary to handle the logarithmic behavior near the three-particle coalescence in a special way. The PS method has many virtues: no explicit assumptions need be made about the asymptotic behavior of the wavefunction near cusps or at large distances, the local energy is exactly equal to the calculated global energy at all collocation points, local errors go down everywhere with increasing resolution, the effective basis using Chebyshev polynomials is complete and simple, and the method is easily extensible to other bound states. This study serves as a proof-of-principle of the method for more general two- and possibly three-electron applications.Comment: 23 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables, Final refereed version - Some references added, some stylistic changes, added paragraph to matrix methods section, added last sentence to abstract

Nonproteolytic Roles of 19S ATPases in Transcription of CIITApIV Genes

Accumulating evidence shows the 26S proteasome is involved in the regulation of gene expression. We and others have demonstrated that proteasome components bind to sites of gene transcription, regulate covalent modifications to histones, and are involved in the assembly of activator complexes in mammalian cells. The mechanisms by which the proteasome influences transcription remain unclear, although prior observations suggest both proteolytic and non-proteolytic activities. Here, we define novel, non-proteolytic, roles for each of the three 19S heterodimers, represented by the 19S ATPases Sug1, S7, and S6a, in mammalian gene expression using the inflammatory gene CIITApIV. These 19S ATPases are recruited to induced CIITApIV promoters and also associate with CIITA coding regions. Additionally, these ATPases interact with elongation factor PTEFb complex members CDK9 and Hexim-1 and with Ser5 phosphorylated RNA Pol II. Both the generation of transcripts from CIITApIV and efficient recruitment of RNA Pol II to CIITApIV are negatively impacted by siRNA mediated knockdown of these 19S ATPases. Together, these results define novel roles for 19S ATPases in mammalian gene expression and indicate roles for these ATPases in promoting transcription processes

Забезпечення розвитку інноваційності промислових підприємств при активізації інтелектуального капіталу суспільства

Проаналізовано стан і умови інноваційної діяльності підприємств в Україні. Досліджено проблеми неефективності державної політики в економічній сфері щодо розвитку інноваційності промислових підприємств. Розроблено пропозиції з удосконалення структури і напрямів діяльності державної політики щодо розвитку інноваційності промислових підприємств при активізації інтелектуального капіталу суспільства.Проанализированы состояние и условия инновационной деятельности предприятий в Украине. Исследованы проблемы неэффективности государственной политики в экономической сфере относительно развития инновационности промышленных предприятий. Разработаны предложения по усовершенствованию структуры и направлений деятельности государственной политики относительно развития инновационности промышленных предприятий при активизации интеллектуального капитала.The state and terms of innovative activity of enterprises in Ukraine are analyzed. Problems of inefficiency of public policy are investigated in an economic sphere in relation to innovativeness development of industrial enterprises. Suggestions for the improvement of structure and directions public policy activity in relation to innovativeness development of the industrial enterprises during activation of the society intellectual capital are worked out

Corrections to the Nonrelativistic Ground Energy of a Helium Atom

Considering the nuclear motion, the authors give out the nonrelativistic ground energy of a helium atom by using a simple but effective variational wave function with a flexible parameter $k$. Based on this result, the relativistic and radiative corrections to the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian are discussed. The high precision value of the helium ground energy is evaluated to be -2.90338 a.u., and the relative error is 0.00034%.Comment: 8 pages, no figures, 2 table

Urban and rural sanitation in the Solomon Islands:How resilient are these to extreme weather events?

The Solomon Islands, like other small island developing states in the Pacific, face significant challenges from a changing climate, and from increasing extreme weather events, while also lagging behind the rest of the world in terms of drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) services. In order to support planning for the implementation of national WaSH strategies and policies, this study contextualizes representative urban and rural baselines for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 (“by 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation”). We highlight specific threats to the current sanitation services under extreme weather events such as flooding and drought, both of which are commonly observed in the country, and provide suggestions for structural improvements to sanitation facilities to increase resiliency. As the first detailed nationally representative cross-sectional sanitation study in urban and rural areas in the Solomon Islands, the results of this paper inform national WaSH policy, strategic planning and programming by the Solomon Islands Government and stakeholders